نشریه بیماری های قابل انتقال بین انسان و حیوان
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1401)

In developing countries, food contamination and the diseases caused by it are always considered as one of the most important problems in the food hygiene system. Food is an important cause of poisoning and intestinal diseases. The presence of Escherichia coli in any food indicates a lack of hygiene. One of these foods that is very important in terms of pollution is milk and its products such as ice cream. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli in traditional and pasteurized ice creams. 100 samples of traditional ice cream and 30 samples of pasteurized ice cream were collected from different parts of Tehran using systematic random sampling method. The samples were transferred to the laboratory at -4. Then it was transferred to EMB culture medium to detect Escherichia coli and after seeing the metallic green polish, biochemical tests were performed for the final diagnosis and finally a large number of Escherichia coli were numbered. The results showed that 87% of the traditional samples were non-edible and contained 24% of Escherichia coli, and in pasteurized ice creams, 30% of the samples were non-edible and contained 3.4% of Escherichia coli. Therefore, due to the high level of contamination, it is recommended to avoid the consumption of traditional ice cream and limit the consumption of pasteurized ice cream.

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important infectious diseases of domestic and stray dogs, which is caused by Gram-negative intracellular bacteria and infects monocytes. Dogs are the main reservoir, and Rhipicephalus sanguineous tick is the vector of this disease. This disease has a global geographic distribution, but there is little information about the percentage of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) infection in Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the presence of E.ثاق in guard dogs in Isfahan city. 110 blood samples from guard dogs in the areas of Isfahan city with an average age of 3.5 years were randomly selected and analyzed by direct blood smear and molecular methods. 13 samples (12.14%) were molecularly positive, including seven male dogs (53.84%) and six female dogs (46.15%). Hematological changes were not detectable in infected samples. In examining the percentage of E.canis infection with the help of SPSS version 24 software, no significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the tested age groups. The results show the prevalence of the disease in the guard dogs of Isfahan and considering that some species of Ehrlichiosis are consider potential zoonoses. Therefore, the role of infected dogs as potential sources of infection for humans is important due to the common aspects between humans and animals.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly, and this disease causes skin wounds in the places where the sand fly bites; unfortunately, the scar caused by it remains for life in most cases, and drug resistance to this parasite is one of the major problems. It is hygienic. This research investigates the anti-leishmanial effect of lavender extract against Leishmania major in vivo and in vitro environments. Leishmania protozoan prepared from laboratory mice infected with this parasite was injected into the base of the tail of 50 Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups and treated with solutions prepared with three concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 percent) of lavender extract for five weeks. The treatment and measurement of wounds were done during the treatment period. After comparing the results with the control group and statistical analysis using software (SPSS, 19), a one-way analysis of variance and non-parametric test were used and the significance level was (p<0.05), which indicated the significance of the research. The effective concentration of lavender ethanolic extract with an anti-leishmanial effect in the in vivo medium is 0.1% in sterile distilled water. In the culture medium (external), 0.1% and 0.01% concentrations are tested in the first 15 and 60 minutes. It indicates the concentration of time-dependent lethality and the high anti-leishmanial potency of lavender extract. According to the results obtained from this study and the difference between the concentrations of the extract that healed the wounds in a certain period, it can be concluded that the consumption of this plant is effective in healing the wounds caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. It can be used after further investigations of this plant and used to treat this condition.

Ready-to-eat foods are convenient for busy people, but the essentialmicrobial risks are those that affect consumers. One of these cases is the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in falafel samples. This study aimed to investigate the number of Staphylococcus aureus in industrial and traditional falafels in Shahryar City. One hundred falafel samples, including 50 traditional and 50 industrial falafel samples, were randomly sampled from the supply centers of this product and taken to the laboratory next to the ice flask. To detect Staphylococcus aureus in the samples from One hundred, it was cultured by the surface culture method. After the end of the incubation, if the bacteria with round and black colonies grow, the directions for the confirmation culture. Biochemistry was evaluated, and finally, positive samples were counted. The results showed that 38 of 50 traditional falafel samples (76%) and 14 of 50 industrial falafel samples (28%) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. However, avoiding the products sold by street vendors and itinerants without a health card is recommended because they cause occurrences and events caused by the secondary caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a microorganism that causes the spread of deadly diseases and is a common disease between animals and humans. West Nile virus is a member of the Flavivirus family, commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and West Asia. This virus infects birds, humans, horses, dogs, cats, bats, ferrets, and domestic rabbits. Our goal in this article is to further investigate this disease in terms of epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and treatment and to provide ways to prevent this common zoonotic disease. The primary way of infection in humans is through the bites of infected mosquitoes, but there are no reports of direct transmission of the disease from pets to humans. So far, the vaccine for this disease has been produced only for horses, and there is no human vaccine yet. The virus that causes this disease causes two forms of the disease in humans: 1- Mild form: without symptoms or with minor symptoms with an incubation period of 3-8 days, after which fever, headache, cold, weakness, swollen lymph nodes, Fatigue and bruises, skin rashes, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea are observed. 2- Acute form: In this form, the nervous system is attacked, and the symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis are observed in patients. Due to the lack of a specific and effective medicine against the West Nile virus until today, disease prevention by informing doctors and public health officials for timely diagnosis and control of the virus and monitoring mosquitoes will be effective in reducing this disease. We have reviewed several articles about the West Nile virus through Google Scholar, Scopus, etc

Camel transmits some diseases to other ruminants and humans due to carrying common blood parasites between humans and animals. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens. This parasitic protozoon is widely prevalent in humans and warm-blooded animals. Humans are usually infected with T. gondii by ingesting oocysts shed by cats or by ingesting viable tissue cysts in raw or undercooked meat. The current aim is to study 30 Iranian one-humped camels of all sexes and different ages that slaughterhouses in the Isfahan province of Iran that were tested for T. gondii infection. The samples were kept at -20ºC in the freezer until examination time. Whole blood samples were investigated by PCR assay. The results revealed that none of the tested camels were infected with T. gondii. Further studies in different regions of the country seem necessary to outline the importance of the disease.